GLP-1 medications, also known as GLP-1 receptor agonists, are a class of drugs primarily used for two main health purposes:
- Diabetes Management: They are prescribed for adults with type 2 diabetes to help regulate blood sugar levels. They work by mimicking the natural glucagon-like peptide-1 hormone, which stimulates insulin production, inhibits the release of excess glucose from the liver, and helps control post-meal glucose spikes.
- Weight Management: These medications are used to support weight loss in individuals with obesity (typically a BMI over 30) or those with weight-related medical conditions. They promote weight loss by slowing digestion and targeting brain receptors to reduce appetite and increase feelings of fullness.
Additionally, clinical trials have shown that these medications can provide cardiovascular protective effects, potentially reducing major adverse events for individuals with a history of heart disease. Common examples of these medications include semaglutide (found in Ozempic) and tirzepatide. Because these drugs can cause side effects like nausea or gastrointestinal discomfort, they should only be used under the guidance of a healthcare provider.
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